Process / pipelineBoundary Layer Biophysics
Penman-Monteith Equation
The Penman-Monteith equation is a mechanistic model for estimating evapotranspiration (ET), the combined loss of water from soil and plant canopies to the atmosphere. First proposed by Penman (1948) for bare soil and water surfaces, then extended by Monteith (1965) to incorporate plant resistance to water vapor diffusion, it has become the international standard for water balance studies, crop water requirement calculation, and hydrological modeling.
Open in MethodMindSoonVideoSoon
Read the full method
Members only
Sign inSign in with a free account to read this section.
Sources
- Penman, H. L. (1948). Natural evaporation from open water, bare soil and grass. Proceedings of the Royal Society A, 193(1032), 120-145. DOI: 10.1098/rspa.1948.0037 ↗
- Monteith, J. L. (1965). Evaporation and environment. Symposia of the Society for Experimental Biology, 19, 205-234. link ↗
- Allen, R. G., Pereira, L. S., Raes, D., Smith, M., & Hargreaves, G. H. (1998). Crop evapotranspiration-Guidelines for computing crop water requirements. FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper No. 56, Rome: FAO. link ↗