MCDMDecision-makingWeight SubjectiveMath steps

Delphi Method — iterative expert consensus for criterion importance elicitation

OriginatorDalkey, N., Helmer, O.Year1963Sources1Related methods9

DELPHI (Delphi Method — iterative expert consensus for criterion importance elicitation) is a weight subjective multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Dalkey, N., Helmer, O. in 1963. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

Key highlights

  • Follows a transparent, reproducible computational procedure that can be audited step by step.
  • Handles multiple criteria of differing scales and units within a single decision matrix.

Intuition

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How it works

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When to use it

Delphi iterates expert ratings until consensus is reached (CV < threshold, typically 0.20). The final weights are normalised means of expert ratings. Anonymity and controlled feedback prevent dominant-expert bias. Typically 2–4 rounds suffice.

Strengths & limitations

Strengths
  • Follows a transparent, reproducible computational procedure that can be audited step by step.
  • Handles multiple criteria of differing scales and units within a single decision matrix.
Limitations
  • Results depend on the chosen normalisation, weights, and parameter settings.

Common pitfalls

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Sources

  1. 1.
    Dalkey, N., Helmer, O. (1963). An experimental application of the Delphi method to the use of experts. Management Science

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ScholarGate. (2026, June 2). DELPHI. ScholarGate. https://scholargate.app/decision-making/delphi