Methoden vergleichen

	Quality-Adjusted Life Year (QALY)	Markov-Modell in der Gesundheitsökonomie
Fachgebiet	Gesundheitsökonomie	Gesundheitsökonomie
Familie	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Entstehungsjahr	1985	1983
Urheber	Alan Williams (Health Economics Research Centre, Oxford University)	Beck & Pauker (medical decision analysis, Massachusetts General Hospital)
Typ	Method	Method
Wegweisende Quelle	Kind, P. (1989). The EuroQol instrument: an index of health-related quality of life. In B. Teeling Smith (Ed.), Measuring health: a practical approach. Chichester: Wiley.	Beck, J. R., & Pauker, S. G. (1983). The Markov Process in Medical Prognosis. Medical Decision Making, 3(4), 419-458.
Aliasnamen	QALY, health utility measure	Markov model, state transition model, cohort simulation
Verwandt	5	5
Zusammenfassung	A QALY measures health benefit as utility weight (0 = death, 1 = perfect health) multiplied by time lived. Developed by Alan Williams in 1985, QALYs enable comparison of disparate health interventions on a common metric. Used globally by health technology assessment bodies—NICE (UK), HAS (France), CADTH (Canada), WHO—to decide which treatments deserve public funding.	A Markov model is a decision-analytic tool that simulates disease progression through defined health states over time, calculating cumulative costs and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) to enable cost-effectiveness analysis. Developed by Beck and Pauker in 1983, Markov models are now the standard framework for projecting long-term outcomes of health interventions, especially chronic diseases where patients transition between clinical states (treatment response, disease progression, remission, death). Used by health technology assessment bodies and pharmaceutical companies to predict intervention value beyond trial duration.