Methoden vergleichen

	Fokusgruppenforschung	Delphi-Methode	Ethnographie
Fachgebiet	Qualitativ	Qualitativ	Qualitativ
Familie	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Entstehungsjahr	1940s (sociological origin); modern applied form from the 1980s–1990s	1963	c. 1922 (Malinowski's Argonauts of the Western Pacific)
Urheber	Robert K. Merton (sociological precursor, 1940s); popularised in applied research by Richard A. Krueger	Norman Dalkey & Olaf Helmer (RAND Corporation)	Bronisław Malinowski (modern ethnography); rooted in 19th-century anthropology
Typ	Qualitative data collection method	Structured iterative expert-elicitation process	Qualitative fieldwork tradition
Wegweisende Quelle	Krueger, R.A. & Casey, M.A. (2014). Focus Groups: A Practical Guide for Applied Research (5th ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-1483365244	Dalkey, N. & Helmer, O. (1963). An Experimental Application of the Delphi Method to the Use of Experts. Management Science, 9(3), 458-467.	Hammersley, M. & Atkinson, P. (2019). Ethnography: Principles in Practice (4th ed.). Routledge. ISBN: 978-1138504462
Aliasnamen	focus group discussion, FGD, group interview, Odak Grup Araştırması	Delphi Yöntemi, Delphi technique, expert consensus method	Etnografi, participant observation, fieldwork, ethnographic research
Verwandt	6	5	5
Zusammenfassung	Focus group research is a qualitative data-collection method in which a trained moderator guides structured discussions with homogeneous groups of six to ten participants to explore ideas, attitudes, and perceptions on a defined topic. Developed from sociological roots in the 1940s and systematised for applied research by Krueger and Casey, the method leverages group interaction as a data source — revealing not just what people think, but how they negotiate and articulate views in a social setting.	The Delphi method is a structured, iterative survey technique developed by Norman Dalkey and Olaf Helmer at the RAND Corporation in 1963 for eliciting and converging expert opinion on complex topics where empirical data are unavailable or insufficient. It collects independent judgements from a geographically dispersed expert panel over multiple anonymous rounds, feeding aggregated results back to participants after each round so they can revise their views in light of the group's collective position.	Ethnography is a qualitative research tradition in which a researcher immerses themselves in a social group or community over an extended period — typically three to six months or longer — to study its culture, values, and behaviours in their natural setting. Originating in social and cultural anthropology, and consolidated as a rigorous method by Bronisław Malinowski in the early twentieth century, ethnography produces rich, contextualised accounts of how people live, work, and make meaning together.