Panel Local Indicators of Spatial Association
Panel Local Indicators of Spatial Association extends Anselin's LISA statistics — most commonly Local Moran's I — to panel datasets, identifying spatial clusters and outliers at each location across multiple time periods. By applying local autocorrelation measures repeatedly over time, researchers can detect whether spatial concentration patterns emerge, persist, or dissolve, giving a richer spatiotemporal picture than a single cross-section allows.
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- Anselin, L. (1995). Local indicators of spatial association — LISA. Geographical Analysis, 27(2), 93–115. · DOI 10.1111/j.1538-4632.1995.tb00338.x
- Millo, G., & Piras, G. (2012). splm: Spatial panel data models in R. Journal of Statistical Software, 47(1), 1–38. · DOI 10.18637/jss.v047.i01
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