NMR Spin-Echo
The spin-echo is a fundamental nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) pulse sequence technique introduced by Erwin Hahn in 1950. It uses a 90-degree radiofrequency pulse followed by a 180-degree refocusing pulse to create an echo, effectively reversing the effects of magnetic field inhomogeneities and allowing accurate measurement of spin relaxation properties. This technique is essential in modern NMR spectroscopy for both one-dimensional and multidimensional experiments.
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- Hahn, E. L. (1950). Spin echoes. Physical Review, 80(4), 580-594. · DOI 10.1103/PhysRev.80.580
- Carr, H. Y., & Purcell, E. M. (1954). Effects of diffusion on free precession in nuclear magnetic resonance experiments. Physical Review, 94(3), 630-638. · DOI 10.1103/PhysRev.94.630
- Meiboom, S., & Gill, D. (1958). Modified spin-echo method for measuring nuclear relaxation times. Review of Scientific Instruments, 29(10), 688-691. · DOI 10.1063/1.1716296
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