Compara mètodes

	Equalització Zero-Forcing (ZF) i Minimum Mean-Square Error (MMSE)	Codis de paritat de baixa densitat (LDPC)	Múltiple Entrada Múltiple Salida (MIMO)
Camp	Telecomunicacions	Telecomunicacions	Telecomunicacions
Família	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Any d'origen	1974	1962	1995
Autor original	Saleh Mansour and Paul Zervos	Robert Gallager	Telatar, Foschini, and Gans
Tipus	linear equalization algorithm	linear error-correcting code	spatial multiplexing technique
Font seminal	Proakis, J. G. (2001). Digital Communications (4th ed.). McGraw-Hill.	Gallager, R. G. (1962). Low-density parity-check codes. IRE Transactions on Information Theory, 8(1), 21-28.	Telatar, I. (1999). Capacity of multi-antenna Gaussian channels. European Transactions on Telecommunications, 10(6), 585-595.
Àlies	channel equalization, interference cancellation	sparse codes, belief propagation codes	spatial multiplexing, antenna diversity
Relacionats	5	5	5
Resum	Zero-Forcing (ZF) and Minimum Mean-Square Error (MMSE) equalization are fundamental linear receiver algorithms for combating intersymbol interference in dispersive channels. Developed in the context of data transmission theory, these methods form the basis of modern channel equalization in wireless and wired systems. While ZF aggressively cancels interference, MMSE balances interference suppression with noise enhancement, making it the optimal linear solution under Gaussian noise.	LDPC codes, invented by Robert Gallager in 1962 and rediscovered in the 1990s by MacKay, are linear error-correcting codes defined by sparse parity-check matrices. They achieve performance within 0.4 dB of the Shannon limit with iterative belief-propagation decoding and have become the standard for modern wireless (WiFi-6, 5G NR, Digital Video Broadcasting). Unlike turbo codes, LDPC codes have a more elegant graph-theoretic structure and more mature theoretical analysis.	MIMO is a technique that uses multiple transmit and receive antennas to significantly increase channel capacity and reliability. Pioneered theoretically by Telatar (1999) and Foschini & Gans (1998), MIMO exploits multipath propagation—typically a liability in wireless—as an asset by creating independent spatial channels. It is now fundamental to all modern wireless systems including LTE, WiFi-6, and 5G, where it provides both capacity gains through spatial multiplexing and robustness through diversity.