Compara mètodes

	Escala de solitud de la UCLA	Questionari de l'Empatia de Toronto
Camp	Psicologia social	Psicologia social
Família	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Any d'origen	1978	2009
Autor original	Daniel Russell	Randy Spreng, Mary McKinnon, Raymond Mar, and Brian Levine
Tipus	Subjective loneliness assessment scale	Empathic ability and emotional responsiveness measure
Font seminal	Russell, D. W. (1996). UCLA Loneliness Scale (Version 3): Reliability, validity, and factor structure. Journal of Personality Assessment, 66(1), 20–40.	Spreng, R. N., McKinnon, M. C., Mar, R. A., & Levine, B. (2009). The Toronto Empathy Questionnaire: Scale development and initial validation of a factor-analytic solution to multiple empathy measures. Journal of Personality Assessment, 91(1), 62–71.
Àlies	UCLA LS, UCLA Loneliness Scale, Russell Loneliness Scale	TEQ, Toronto Empathy Scale
Relacionats	3	3
Resum	The UCLA Loneliness Scale is a widely used instrument for measuring subjective feelings of loneliness and social isolation. Developed by Daniel Russell in the late 1970s, the scale measures the discrepancy between desired and actual social relationships. The UCLA LS has become the gold standard in loneliness research and is used across clinical, epidemiological, and social psychology studies worldwide.	The Toronto Empathy Questionnaire (TEQ) is a 16-item self-report measure of empathic ability and emotional responsiveness to others' emotions. Developed by Randy Spreng and colleagues in 2009, the TEQ captures affective empathy—the capacity to feel and share another person's emotions—rather than cognitive perspective-taking. The scale has become widely used in social, clinical, and neuroscience research examining individual differences in emotional empathy and its correlates with mental health, prosocial behavior, and brain structure.