Compara mètodes

	Observació participant presencial	Investigació per estudi de cas
Camp	Metodologia d'enquestes	Qualitativa
Família	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Any d'origen	Early 20th century (Chicago School ~1920s; Spradley formalisation 1980)	1984 (seminal codification)
Autor original	Chicago School sociologists (Robert Park, Ernest Burgess); systematised by Raymond Gold (1958) and James Spradley (1980)	Robert K. Yin (systematised in Case Study Research, 1984)
Tipus	Qualitative data collection technique	Qualitative research design
Font seminal	Spradley, J. P. (1980). Participant Observation. Holt, Rinehart and Winston. ISBN: 978-0030445019	Yin, R.K. (2018). Case Study Research and Applications: Design and Methods (6th ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-1506336169
Àlies	in-person participant observation, direct participant observation, fieldwork participant observation, co-present observation	Vaka Çalışması (Case Study), case study design, case study methodology
Relacionats	5	5
Resum	Face-to-face participant observation is a qualitative data collection technique in which the researcher physically enters a setting and engages with participants in real time to document social behaviour, interactions, and meaning-making as they naturally occur. Unlike online or remote variants, the researcher is bodily present, enabling direct sensory access to context, non-verbal cues, and the full texture of everyday life in the setting under study.	Case study research is a qualitative research design that investigates a specific phenomenon, individual, group, organisation, or event in depth within its real-world context. Systematised by Robert K. Yin in 1984, it supports single-case and multiple-case designs and draws on multiple data sources — interviews, observation, documents, and artefacts — to build a rich, contextualised account of a bounded unit.