Compara mètodes

	Escales d'Ansietat i Estrès per Depressió-21 (DASS-21)	Escala de Depressió Geriàtrica (GDS)	Escala d'Ansietat i Depressió Hospitalària (HADS)	Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS)
Camp	Psicologia clínica	Psicologia clínica	Psicologia clínica	Psicologia clínica
Família	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Any d'origen	1995	1982	1983	1988
Autor original	Stephen H. Lovibond and Peter F. Lovibond	Jerome A. Yesavage, Terry L. Brink, and colleagues	Andrew S. Zigmond and Richard P. Snaith	David Watson, Lee Anna Clark, and Auke Tellegen
Tipus	Three-dimensional mental health screening	Age-appropriate depression screening	Anxiety and depression screening in medical populations	Mood and affect self-assessment
Font seminal	Lovibond, S. H., & Lovibond, P. F. (1995). Manual for the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales. Psychology Foundation of Australia.	Yesavage, J. A., Brink, T. L., Rose, T. L., Lum, O., Huang, V., Adey, M., & Leirer, V. O. (1982). Development and validation of a geriatric depression screening scale: A preliminary report. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 17(1), 37-49.	Zigmond, A. S., & Snaith, R. P. (1983). The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 67(6), 361-370.	Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(6), 1063-1070.
Àlies	DASS-21, DASS, DASS-42	GDS, GDS-15, GDS-30	HADS, HADS-A, HADS-D	PANAS, PANAS-X
Relacionats	5	5	4	5
Resum	The Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21) is a 21-item self-report instrument measuring three correlated but distinct dimensions of psychological distress: depression, anxiety, and stress. Developed by Lovibond and Lovibond in 1995, the DASS-21 is a short form of the original 42-item DASS. It has become widely used in research and clinical settings for its brevity, multidimensional structure, and strong psychometric properties.	The Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) is a 30-item self-report depression screening instrument specifically designed for older adults. Developed by Yesavage, Brink, and colleagues in 1982, the GDS addresses the unique presentation of depression in aging populations, where symptoms may differ from younger adults. A validated 15-item short form (GDS-15) is widely used in primary care and community settings for rapid screening.	The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) is a 14-item self-report instrument measuring anxiety and depression symptoms in medically ill populations. Developed by Zigmond and Snaith in 1983, the HADS was specifically designed for hospital and general medical settings where somatic symptoms of medical illness may confound assessment. It remains the standard anxiety-depression measure in medical, oncology, and cardiac populations worldwide.	The Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) is a brief, efficient self-report measure of mood and emotional affect. Developed by Watson, Clark, and Tellegen in 1988, it assesses two independent dimensions: positive affect (enthusiasm, attentiveness, interest) and negative affect (distress, anxiety, anger). The 20-item standard version is one of the most widely used instruments for measuring emotion in research and clinical contexts.