Compara mètodes

	Escala de Depressió del Center for Epidemiologic Studies (CES-D)	Escales d'Ansietat i Estrès per Depressió-21 (DASS-21)	Escala d'Ansietat i Depressió Hospitalària (HADS)	Escala de Malestar Psicològic de Kessler-10 (K10)
Camp	Psicologia clínica	Psicologia clínica	Psicologia clínica	Psicologia clínica
Família	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Any d'origen	1977	1995	1983	2002
Autor original	Lenore Sawyer Radloff	Stephen H. Lovibond and Peter F. Lovibond	Andrew S. Zigmond and Richard P. Snaith	Ronald C. Kessler and colleagues
Tipus	Community-based depression assessment	Three-dimensional mental health screening	Anxiety and depression screening in medical populations	Non-specific psychological distress screening
Font seminal	Radloff, L. S. (1977). The CES-D scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measurement, 1(3), 385-401.	Lovibond, S. H., & Lovibond, P. F. (1995). Manual for the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales. Psychology Foundation of Australia.	Zigmond, A. S., & Snaith, R. P. (1983). The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 67(6), 361-370.	Kessler, R. C., Andrews, G., Colpe, L. Y., Hiripi, E., Mroczek, D. K., Normand, S. L., ... & Zaslavsky, A. M. (2002). Short screening scales to monitor population prevalences and trends in non-specific psychological distress. Psychological Medicine, 32(6), 959-976.
Àlies	CES-D, CESD	DASS-21, DASS, DASS-42	HADS, HADS-A, HADS-D	K10, K6, Kessler Scale
Relacionats	5	5	4	5
Resum	The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) is a 20-item self-report instrument for measuring depressive symptoms in the general population. Developed by Lenore Radloff in 1977, the CES-D was designed for epidemiological research to rapidly identify depression in community samples. It remains a widely used measure in public health, aging research, and longitudinal cohort studies worldwide.	The Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21) is a 21-item self-report instrument measuring three correlated but distinct dimensions of psychological distress: depression, anxiety, and stress. Developed by Lovibond and Lovibond in 1995, the DASS-21 is a short form of the original 42-item DASS. It has become widely used in research and clinical settings for its brevity, multidimensional structure, and strong psychometric properties.	The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) is a 14-item self-report instrument measuring anxiety and depression symptoms in medically ill populations. Developed by Zigmond and Snaith in 1983, the HADS was specifically designed for hospital and general medical settings where somatic symptoms of medical illness may confound assessment. It remains the standard anxiety-depression measure in medical, oncology, and cardiac populations worldwide.	The Kessler Psychological Distress Scale-10 (K10) is a 10-item self-report measure of non-specific psychological distress and mental health problems. Developed by Kessler and colleagues in 2002, the K10 was designed as an ultra-brief screening instrument for population surveys and epidemiological research. A shorter 6-item version (K6) is also widely used for rapid case identification.