Compara mètodes

	Microscòpia de Forces Atòmiques	Àrea superficial BET	Anàlisi Termogravimètrica
Camp	Ciència de materials	Ciència de materials	Ciència de materials
Família	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Any d'origen	1986	1938	1960s
Autor original	Gerd Binnig	Brunauer, Emmett, Teller	William W. Wendlandt
Tipus	Imaging technique	Measurement method	Characterization method
Font seminal	Binnig, G., Quate, C. F., & Gerber, C. (1986). Atomic force microscope. Physical Review Letters, 56(9), 930-933.	Brunauer, S., Emmett, P. H., & Teller, E. (1938). Adsorption of gases in multimolecular layers. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 60(2), 309-319.	Wendlandt, W. W. (1986). Thermal Analysis (3rd ed.). John Wiley & Sons.
Àlies	AFM, scanning probe microscopy, nanoindentation microscopy	BET analysis, nitrogen adsorption, surface area measurement	TGA, thermal gravimetry, thermogravimetry
Relacionats	3	3	3
Resum	Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) is a scanning probe technique that measures nanoscale surface topography and mechanical properties by monitoring interactions between a sharp cantilever tip and a sample surface. Invented by Gerd Binnig in 1986 as an extension of scanning tunneling microscopy, AFM requires neither electrical conductivity nor vacuum operation, making it applicable to virtually any material. It provides three-dimensional topographic maps with sub-nanometer vertical resolution and lateral resolution approaching nanometers, along with simultaneous measurements of mechanical, electrical, and chemical properties.	Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) Surface Area Analysis is a technique for measuring the specific surface area of solids by analyzing their nitrogen adsorption isotherms. Developed by Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller in 1938, BET theory extends monolayer adsorption (Langmuir) to multilayer adsorption, enabling quantification of surface area of porous and powdered materials. It is the industry standard for characterizing catalysts, adsorbents, pharmaceuticals, and porous materials, providing critical data for performance prediction and quality control.	Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) is a thermal characterization technique that continuously measures mass loss or gain of a material as a function of temperature (or time at constant temperature). Developed systematically by William Wendlandt and colleagues in the 1960s, TGA identifies thermal transitions (evaporation, decomposition, oxidation, reduction) and quantifies composition of polymers, pharmaceuticals, ceramics, and other materials. The derivative signal (DTG) highlights transition temperatures. When combined with gas analysis (MS, FTIR), decomposition products are identified.