পদ্ধতির তুলনা করুন
নির্বাচিত পদ্ধতিগুলো পাশাপাশি পর্যালোচনা করুন; যে সারিগুলোয় পার্থক্য আছে সেগুলো চিহ্নিত করা হয়।
| স্থানিক প্রবণতা স্কোর ওয়েটিং× | প্রোপেনসিটি স্কোর ওয়েটিং (PSW / IPW)× | |
|---|---|---|
| ক্ষেত্র | কার্যকারণ অনুমান | কার্যকারণ অনুমান |
| পরিবার | Regression model | Regression model |
| উদ্ভবের বছর≠ | 2000s–2010s | 1983 (propensity score); 2003 (efficient IPW estimator) |
| প্রবর্তক≠ | Extended from Hirano, Imbens & Ridder (2003) IPTW with spatial adaptations by Keele, Titiunik and others in geographically structured causal designs | Rosenbaum & Rubin (propensity score); Hirano, Imbens & Ridder (efficient weighting) |
| ধরন≠ | Quasi-experimental / causal inference | Causal inference / reweighting |
| মৌলিক উৎস≠ | Keele, L., & Titiunik, R. (2015). Geographic Boundaries as Regression Discontinuities. Political Analysis, 23(1), 127-155. DOI ↗ | Rosenbaum, P. R., & Rubin, D. B. (1983). The central role of the propensity score in observational studies for causal effects. Biometrika, 70(1), 41-55. DOI ↗ |
| অপর নাম | spatial PSW, geographically weighted propensity score weighting, spatial IPTW, spatially adjusted inverse probability weighting | PSW, inverse probability weighting, IPW, propensity-based weighting |
| সম্পর্কিত | 6 | 6 |
| সারসংক্ষেপ≠ | Spatial propensity score weighting extends inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) to settings where units are geographically located and treatment assignment may depend on spatial factors such as location, neighborhood characteristics, or spatial clustering. By incorporating spatial covariates into the propensity score model and adjusting standard errors for spatial autocorrelation, it produces more credible causal estimates from observational geographic data. | Propensity score weighting is a causal-inference method that reweights observations so that the covariate distributions of treated and untreated units look exchangeable, enabling unbiased estimation of average treatment effects from observational data. Each unit receives a weight that is the inverse of its probability of receiving the treatment it actually received — a strategy formalised by Rosenbaum and Rubin (1983) and given its efficient semiparametric form by Hirano, Imbens and Ridder (2003). |
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