পদ্ধতির তুলনা করুন

	স্থানিক ম্যাচিং এস্টিমেটর	স্থানিক প্রবণতা স্কোর ম্যাচিং
ক্ষেত্র	কার্যকারণ অনুমান	কার্যকারণ অনুমান
পরিবার	Regression model	Regression model
উদ্ভবের বছর	2000s–2010s	2000s
প্রবর্তক	Extension of Abadie & Imbens (2006) matching estimator to spatial settings; geographic applications developed in urban/environmental econometrics literature	Extension of Rosenbaum & Rubin (1983) PSM to spatial settings; spatial adaptation developed in applied econometrics and epidemiology literature from the 2000s onward
ধরন	Quasi-experimental causal inference	Quasi-experimental matching estimator
মৌলিক উৎস	Abadie, A., & Imbens, G. W. (2006). Large Sample Properties of Matching Estimators for Average Treatment Effects. Econometrica, 74(1), 235-267.	Rosenbaum, P. R., & Rubin, D. B. (1983). The central role of the propensity score in observational studies for causal effects. Biometrika, 70(1), 41-55.
অপর নাম	geographic matching estimator, spatial nearest-neighbor matching, location-based matching estimator, spatially-weighted matching	Spatial PSM, Geospatial PSM, Spatially-adjusted propensity score matching, Geographic propensity score matching
সম্পর্কিত	6	6
সারসংক্ষেপ	The Spatial Matching Estimator estimates causal treatment effects by pairing each treated geographic unit with one or more similar untreated units nearby, exploiting the assumption that units close in space share similar unobserved characteristics. By restricting matches to a geographic neighbourhood or weighting by spatial proximity, the method controls for location-specific confounders that standard matching ignores.	Spatial Propensity Score Matching (Spatial PSM) extends the classic propensity score matching framework to settings where units are embedded in geographic space and treatment assignment or outcomes may be spatially correlated. By incorporating spatial covariates and adjacency structure into the propensity model and matching procedure, it produces causal estimates that account for geographic confounding and spillover effects.