পদ্ধতির তুলনা করুন

	কনার-ডেভিডসন রেসিলিয়েন্স স্কেল	General Self-Efficacy Scale	গ্রিট স্কেল
ক্ষেত্র	সামাজিক মনোবিজ্ঞান	সামাজিক মনোবিজ্ঞান	সামাজিক মনোবিজ্ঞান
পরিবার	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
উদ্ভবের বছর	2003	1995	2007
প্রবর্তক	Kathryn Connor and Jonathan Davidson	Ralf Schwarzer and Matthias Jerusalem	Angela Duckworth
ধরন	Psychological resilience and stress coping measure	Generalized self-efficacy and coping capacity measure	Perseverance and long-term goal commitment measure
মৌলিক উৎস	Connor, K. M., & Davidson, J. R. (2003). Development of a new resilience scale: The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Depression and Anxiety, 18(2), 76–82.	Schwarzer, R., & Jerusalem, M. (1995). Generalized Self-Efficacy scale. In J. Weinman, S. Wright, & M. Johnston (Eds.), Measures in health psychology: A user's portfolio. Causal and control beliefs (pp. 35–37). NFER-Nelson. ISBN: 978-0700522286	Duckworth, A. L., Peterson, C., Matthews, M. D., & Kelly, D. R. (2007). Grit: Perseverance and passion for long-term goals. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92(6), 1087–1101.
অপর নাম	CD-RISC, Connor-Davidson Scale, Resilience Scale	GSE, Schwarzer Self-Efficacy, General Self-Efficacy	GRIT, Perseverance and Passion Scale, Duckworth Grit Scale
সম্পর্কিত	3	3	3
সারসংক্ষেপ	The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) is a 25-item self-report measure of psychological resilience—the capacity to cope with stress, adversity, and trauma while maintaining psychological functioning. Developed by Kathryn Connor and Jonathan Davidson in 2003, the CD-RISC operationalizes resilience as a multidimensional construct encompassing personal competence, trust in instincts, positive adaptation, and meaning-making. A brief 10-item version (CD-RISC-10) is also widely available. The scale has become standard in clinical research on trauma, anxiety, depression, and recovery from adversity.	The General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE) is a 10-item measure assessing beliefs in one's ability to handle difficult situations and to cope with challenges through adaptive effort. Developed by Ralf Schwarzer and Matthias Jerusalem in the mid-1990s, the GSE operationalizes self-efficacy as a generalized confidence in one's capacity to manage stressors across diverse situations, rather than task-specific confidence. The scale has become widely used in health psychology, occupational research, and studies examining resilience and adaptive coping.	The Grit Scale is a 12-item measure assessing grit—the combination of perseverance (sustained effort despite obstacles) and passion (consistent interest and commitment) for long-term goals. Developed by Angela Duckworth and colleagues in 2007, the GRIT operationalizes grit as a distinct personality construct predicting achievement in challenging domains. The measure has become widely used in educational and organizational research examining how motivation and persistence relate to success and well-being.