পদ্ধতির তুলনা করুন
নির্বাচিত পদ্ধতিগুলো পাশাপাশি পর্যালোচনা করুন; যে সারিগুলোয় পার্থক্য আছে সেগুলো চিহ্নিত করা হয়।
| কনার-ডেভিডসন রেসিলিয়েন্স স্কেল× | General Self-Efficacy Scale× | |
|---|---|---|
| ক্ষেত্র | সামাজিক মনোবিজ্ঞান | সামাজিক মনোবিজ্ঞান |
| পরিবার | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| উদ্ভবের বছর≠ | 2003 | 1995 |
| প্রবর্তক≠ | Kathryn Connor and Jonathan Davidson | Ralf Schwarzer and Matthias Jerusalem |
| ধরন≠ | Psychological resilience and stress coping measure | Generalized self-efficacy and coping capacity measure |
| মৌলিক উৎস≠ | Connor, K. M., & Davidson, J. R. (2003). Development of a new resilience scale: The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Depression and Anxiety, 18(2), 76–82. DOI ↗ | Schwarzer, R., & Jerusalem, M. (1995). Generalized Self-Efficacy scale. In J. Weinman, S. Wright, & M. Johnston (Eds.), Measures in health psychology: A user's portfolio. Causal and control beliefs (pp. 35–37). NFER-Nelson. ISBN: 978-0700522286 |
| অপর নাম | CD-RISC, Connor-Davidson Scale, Resilience Scale | GSE, Schwarzer Self-Efficacy, General Self-Efficacy |
| সম্পর্কিত | 3 | 3 |
| সারসংক্ষেপ≠ | The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) is a 25-item self-report measure of psychological resilience—the capacity to cope with stress, adversity, and trauma while maintaining psychological functioning. Developed by Kathryn Connor and Jonathan Davidson in 2003, the CD-RISC operationalizes resilience as a multidimensional construct encompassing personal competence, trust in instincts, positive adaptation, and meaning-making. A brief 10-item version (CD-RISC-10) is also widely available. The scale has become standard in clinical research on trauma, anxiety, depression, and recovery from adversity. | The General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE) is a 10-item measure assessing beliefs in one's ability to handle difficult situations and to cope with challenges through adaptive effort. Developed by Ralf Schwarzer and Matthias Jerusalem in the mid-1990s, the GSE operationalizes self-efficacy as a generalized confidence in one's capacity to manage stressors across diverse situations, rather than task-specific confidence. The scale has become widely used in health psychology, occupational research, and studies examining resilience and adaptive coping. |
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