পদ্ধতির তুলনা করুন

	PANIC টেস্ট: সাধারণ উপাদান বিয়োজনের সাথে প্যানেল ইউনিট রুট বিশ্লেষণ	ডাইনামিক ফ্যাক্টর মডেল
ক্ষেত্র	অর্থমিতি	অর্থমিতি
পরিবার	Hypothesis test	Regression model
উদ্ভবের বছর	2004	2002
প্রবর্তক	Jushan Bai & Serena Ng	James Stock & Mark Watson
ধরন	Panel unit root test	Latent-factor time-series model
মৌলিক উৎস	Bai, J., & Ng, S. (2004). A PANIC attack on unit roots and cointegration. Econometrica, 72(4), 1127–1177.	Stock, J. H., & Watson, M. W. (2002). Macroeconomic forecasting using diffusion indexes. Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, 20(2), 147–162.
অপর নাম	Panel Analysis of Non-stationarity in Idiosyncratic and Common Components, Bai-Ng PANIC Test, Second-Generation Panel Unit Root Test, Panel Birim Kök Testi (PANIC)	Diffusion Index Model, Large-Scale Factor Model, Approximate Factor Model, Dinamik Faktör Modeli
সম্পর্কিত	3	2
সারসংক্ষেপ	PANIC (Panel Analysis of Non-stationarity in Idiosyncratic and Common Components) is a second-generation panel unit root test introduced by Bai and Ng (2004). It decomposes each panel series into common factors and idiosyncratic components, then tests for unit roots in each part separately, making it robust to cross-sectional dependence — a critical limitation of first-generation tests such as IPS or LLC.	A Dynamic Factor Model (DFM) extracts a small number of latent common factors from a large panel of economic time series and uses those factors to forecast or nowcast a target variable. Formalized for macroeconomic forecasting by James Stock and Mark Watson in their 2002 Journal of Business & Economic Statistics paper, DFMs handle hundreds of indicators simultaneously while avoiding the curse of dimensionality that plagues traditional multivariate models.