পদ্ধতির তুলনা করুন

	একাধিক প্রতিস্থাপন	স্তরবিন্যস্ত নমুনায়ন (Stratified Sampling)
ক্ষেত্র	পরিসংখ্যান	জরিপ পদ্ধতি
পরিবার	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
উদ্ভবের বছর	1987	1977
প্রবর্তক	Donald B. Rubin	William G. Cochran
ধরন	Missing-data handling procedure	Probability-based survey sampling design
মৌলিক উৎস	Rubin, D.B. (1987). Multiple Imputation for Nonresponse in Surveys. Wiley.	Cochran, W. G. (1977). Sampling Techniques (3rd ed.). Wiley. ISBN: 978-0-471-16240-7
অপর নাম	MICE, Multivariate Imputation by Chained Equations, Çoklu Atama (Multiple Imputation — MICE)	Proportional Stratified Sampling, Optimal Allocation Sampling, Stratum-Based Sampling, Tabakalı Örnekleme
সম্পর্কিত	1	2
সারসংক্ষেপ	Multiple Imputation (MI), formally introduced by Donald B. Rubin in 1987, is a principled statistical procedure for handling missing data. Rather than replacing each missing value once, MI fills the gaps m times — each time drawing plausible values from the posterior predictive distribution of the missing data — producing m complete datasets. Each dataset is analysed independently, and the results are combined into a single set of estimates using Rubin's pooling rules. The MICE variant (Multivariate Imputation by Chained Equations), popularised by van Buuren and Groothuis-Oudshoorn (2011), extends the approach to mixed variable types by imputing each variable in turn through a sequence of conditional regression models.	Stratified sampling is a probability sampling design in which the target population is partitioned into non-overlapping, exhaustive subgroups called strata, and independent probability samples are drawn within each stratum. Formalized by William G. Cochran in Sampling Techniques (1977), the method exploits known population structure to reduce variance and guarantee representativeness of all major subgroups, making it a cornerstone of large-scale survey research and official statistics.