পদ্ধতির তুলনা করুন

	লংফর্মার / বিগবার্ড	গ্রাফ অ্যাটেনশন নেটওয়ার্ক	বিশেষজ্ঞদের মিশ্রণ	Random Forest
ক্ষেত্র	গভীর শিখন	গভীর শিখন	গভীর শিখন	যন্ত্র শিখন
পরিবার	Machine learning	Machine learning	Machine learning	Machine learning
উদ্ভবের বছর	2020	2018	2017	2001
প্রবর্তক	Beltagy, Peters & Cohan (Longformer); Zaheer et al. (BigBird)	Veličković, P. et al.	Shazeer, N. et al.	Breiman, L.
ধরন	Sparse-attention Transformer for long sequences	Graph neural network (attention-based)	Sparse neural network architecture (conditional computation)	Ensemble (bagging of decision trees)
মৌলিক উৎস	Beltagy, I., Peters, M. E. & Cohan, A. (2020). Longformer: The Long-Document Transformer. arXiv.	Veličković, P. et al. (2018). Graph Attention Networks. ICLR.	Shazeer, N. et al. (2017). Outrageously Large Neural Networks: The Sparsely-Gated Mixture-of-Experts Layer. ICLR. arXiv:1701.06538	Breiman, L. (2001). Random Forests. Machine Learning, 45, 5–32.
অপর নাম	Uzun Dizi Transformer (Longformer / BigBird), uzun dizi transformer, long-document transformer, sparse-attention transformer	Graf Dikkat Ağı (GAT), GAT, graph attention network, attention-based graph neural network	Uzman Karışımı (Mixture of Experts — MoE), uzman karışımı, MoE, sparse mixture of experts	Rastgele Orman (Random Forest), rastgele orman, random decision forest, bagged tree ensemble
সম্পর্কিত	4	4	3	4
সারসংক্ষেপ	Long-sequence Transformers such as Longformer (Beltagy, Peters & Cohan, 2020) and BigBird (Zaheer et al., 2020) replace the standard Transformer's O(n²) attention with sparse attention patterns that scale linearly, O(n), with sequence length. This lets a single model attend over thousands of tokens — full documents, legal texts, or genomic sequences — that would not fit a conventional Transformer.	The Graph Attention Network (GAT), introduced by Veličković and colleagues in 2018, is a graph neural network variant that learns how much importance to assign to each neighbouring node through a self-attention mechanism. On heterogeneous neighbourhoods and relational classification it produces results superior to graph convolutional networks (GCN).	Mixture of Experts (MoE) is a sparse neural-network architecture, introduced by Shazeer and colleagues in 2017 with the sparsely-gated MoE layer, in which only a subset of expert sub-networks is activated for each input. As seen in models such as Switch Transformer and Mixtral, it holds computation cost fixed even as the total parameter count grows.	Random Forest is an ensemble learning method, introduced by Leo Breiman in 2001, that grows many decision trees on bootstrap samples of the data and combines their votes to produce strong classification and regression. By pooling many slightly different trees, it produces more accurate and more stable predictions than any single tree.