পদ্ধতির তুলনা করুন
নির্বাচিত পদ্ধতিগুলো পাশাপাশি পর্যালোচনা করুন; যে সারিগুলোয় পার্থক্য আছে সেগুলো চিহ্নিত করা হয়।
| Differential Distractor Functioning× | Differential Item Functioning in Educational Testing× | |
|---|---|---|
| ক্ষেত্র | Education | Education |
| পরিবার | Latent structure | Latent structure |
| উদ্ভবের বছর≠ | 2008 | 1993 |
| প্রবর্তক≠ | Item-bias methodology (Green, Crone & Folk; Penfield) | Educational measurement / test-fairness tradition (Holland, Wainer, Dorans, Thissen) |
| ধরন≠ | Group-difference analysis of the incorrect options (distractors) of multiple-choice items | Test-fairness analysis detecting items that function differently across groups |
| মৌলিক উৎস≠ | Penfield, R. D. (2008). An odds ratio approach for assessing differential distractor functioning effects under the nominal response model. Journal of Educational Measurement, 45(3), 247–269. DOI ↗ | Holland, P. W., & Wainer, H. (Eds.). (1993). Differential Item Functioning. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. ISBN: 9780805809725 |
| অপর নাম | DDF, Distractor-Level DIF, Differential Option Functioning, Distractor Functioning Analysis | Educational DIF Analysis, Item Bias Detection in Tests, Test Fairness DIF, Mantel-Haenszel DIF |
| সম্পর্কিত | 4 | 4 |
| সারসংক্ষেপ≠ | Differential distractor functioning (DDF) extends test-fairness analysis from the correct answer to the wrong ones. It asks whether examinees of equal ability but different group membership are differentially attracted to particular distractors (incorrect options) of a multiple-choice item. By analyzing option-level rather than just right/wrong responses, DDF can detect bias that ordinary differential item functioning misses and, crucially, help explain why an item functions differently — pointing to the specific wrong option luring one group. Penfield's odds-ratio approach under the nominal response model is a standard tool. | Differential item functioning (DIF) analysis is the central statistical tool for evaluating the fairness of test items in education. An item shows DIF when examinees of equal ability but different group membership — for example by gender, race/ethnicity, or language background — have unequal probabilities of answering it correctly. By conditioning on ability before comparing groups, DIF analysis separates genuine item bias from real group differences in proficiency, and flags items for expert review before they affect high-stakes decisions. |
| ScholarGateডেটাসেট ↗ |
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