পদ্ধতির তুলনা করুন

	সময় সিরিজ পূর্বাভাসের জন্য কনফরমাল পূর্বাভাস	গ্রেডিয়েন্ট বুস্টিং	কোয়ান্টাইল রিগ্রেশন
ক্ষেত্র	অর্থমিতি	যন্ত্র শিখন	অর্থমিতি
পরিবার	Regression model	Machine learning	Regression model
উদ্ভবের বছর	2021	2001	1978
প্রবর্তক	Angelopoulos & Bates (tutorial); Xu & Xie (time-series EnbPI)	Friedman, J. H.	Koenker & Bassett
ধরন	Distribution-free prediction interval wrapper	Ensemble (sequential boosting of decision trees)	Conditional quantile regression
মৌলিক উৎস	Angelopoulos, A. N. & Bates, S. (2023). Conformal Prediction: A Gentle Introduction. Foundations and Trends in Machine Learning, 16(4), 494-591.	Friedman, J. H. (2001). Greedy Function Approximation: A Gradient Boosting Machine. Annals of Statistics, 29(5), 1189–1232.	Koenker, R. & Bassett, G., Jr. (1978). Regression Quantiles. Econometrica, 46(1), 33-50.
অপর নাম	conformal prediction, distribution-free prediction intervals, EnbPI, Konformal Tahmin (Conformal Prediction — Zaman Serisi)	Gradient Boosting (GBM), GBM, gradient boosted trees, gradient boosting machine	conditional quantile regression, regression quantiles, Kantil Regresyon
সম্পর্কিত	4	5	5
সারসংক্ষেপ	Conformal prediction is a distribution-free wrapper that turns any point forecaster — ARIMA, a neural network, or a machine-learning model — into valid prediction intervals using only its residuals. The time-series form was popularised by Xu & Xie (2021) and the modern tutorial treatment by Angelopoulos & Bates (2023).	Gradient Boosting is an ensemble learning method, formalised by Jerome H. Friedman in 2001, that combines a sequence of weak learners — typically shallow decision trees — so that each new tree is fitted to minimise the residual errors of the trees before it. It is the core algorithm behind popular implementations such as XGBoost, LightGBM and CatBoost.	Quantile regression models conditional quantiles of an outcome - the median, the 25th or 75th percentile, and so on - rather than the conditional mean that OLS targets. Introduced by Koenker and Bassett in 1978, it reveals how predictors act across the whole distribution, including its tails.