পদ্ধতির তুলনা করুন

	অগমেন্টেড ডিকি-ফুলার (ADF) ইউনিট-রুট পরীক্ষা	লি-স্ট্রাজিকিচ এলএম ইউনিট-রুট টেস্ট উইথ টু স্ট্রাকচারাল ব্রেক্স	Lumsdaine-Papell Unit-Root Test with Two Structural Breaks
ক্ষেত্র	অর্থমিতি	অর্থমিতি	অর্থমিতি
পরিবার	Regression model	Hypothesis test	Hypothesis test
উদ্ভবের বছর	1979	2003	1997
প্রবর্তক	David A. Dickey & Wayne A. Fuller	Junsoo Lee & Mark Strazicich	Robin Lumsdaine & David Papell
ধরন	Unit-root test for stationarity	Lagrange Multiplier unit-root test with two endogenous structural breaks	Sequential two-break unit-root test
মৌলিক উৎস	Dickey, D. A., & Fuller, W. A. (1979). Distribution of the estimators for autoregressive time series with a unit root. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 74(366a), 427–431.	Lee, J., & Strazicich, M. C. (2003). Minimum Lagrange multiplier unit root test with two structural breaks. Review of Economics and Statistics, 85(4), 1082–1089.	Lumsdaine, R. L., & Papell, D. H. (1997). Multiple trend breaks and the unit-root hypothesis. Review of Economics and Statistics, 79(2), 212–218.
অপর নাম	ADF test, Dickey-Fuller test, unit root test, Genişletilmiş Dickey-Fuller testi	LS Unit Root Test, Minimum LM Unit Root Test, Lee-Strazicich Two-Break Test, Lee-Strazicich LM Testi	LP Test, Two-Break Unit-Root Test, Double Structural Break Unit-Root Test, Lumsdaine-Papell İki Kırılmalı Birim Kök Testi
সম্পর্কিত	4	3	3
সারসংক্ষেপ	The Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) test is the most widely used test for a unit root — that is, for whether a time series is non-stationary and must be differenced before modelling. Introduced by David Dickey and Wayne Fuller in 1979 and extended by Said and Dickey in 1984 to series with higher-order autocorrelation, it regresses the change in the series on its lagged level plus lagged differences and asks whether the lagged-level coefficient is zero.	The Lee-Strazicich (2003) test is a Lagrange Multiplier-based unit-root test that allows for two endogenous structural breaks under both the null and alternative hypotheses. Proposed by Junsoo Lee and Mark C. Strazicich, it corrects a fundamental flaw in earlier break-based tests such as Zivot-Andrews, where structural breaks were permitted only under the alternative. By incorporating breaks under the null, the LS test avoids spurious rejections and provides size-correct inference in the presence of level or trend shifts.	The Lumsdaine-Papell test, introduced by Robin Lumsdaine and David Papell in 1997, extends the Zivot-Andrews single-break unit-root test to allow for two simultaneous structural breaks in the intercept and/or linear trend of a time series. It is widely used in macroeconomics and finance when data are suspected to have experienced two major regime shifts — such as policy changes, financial crises, or wars — and the researcher needs to determine whether the series is nonetheless integrated of order one.