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| Изследване на тенденции чрез панел× | Когортно проучване – надлъжен обсервационен дизайн× | ANOVA с повтарящи се измервания× | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Област≠ | Дизайн на изследването | Епидемиология | Статистика |
| Семейство≠ | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline | Hypothesis test |
| Година на възникване≠ | 1940s–1960s | Mid-20th century (formal epidemiological design codified ~1950s) | 1992 |
| Създател≠ | Established through survey methodology and panel econometrics; foundational contributions by Paul Lazarsfeld (1940s) and later systematized by econometricians including Zvi Griliches and Yair Mundlak | Doll & Hill (British Doctors Study, 1951); Snow (cholera, 1854) | Girden (textbook treatment); Field (2013) |
| Тип≠ | Quantitative longitudinal observational design | Observational longitudinal study design | Parametric within-subjects mean comparison |
| Основополагащ източник≠ | Menard, S. (2002). Longitudinal Research (2nd ed.). Sage Publications. ISBN: 978-0761922452 | Rothman, K. J., Greenland, S., & Lash, T. L. (2008). Modern Epidemiology (3rd ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN: 978-0781755641 | Field, A. (2013). Discovering Statistics Using IBM SPSS Statistics (4th ed., Ch. 14). SAGE. ISBN: 978-1446249185 |
| Други названия | panel trend study, longitudinal panel design, repeated-measures panel survey, panel survey trend analysis | longitudinal study, follow-up study, panel study, incidence study | within-subjects ANOVA, repeated measures analysis of variance, rm-ANOVA, Tekrarlı Ölçüm ANOVA |
| Свързани≠ | 3 | 6 | 4 |
| Резюме≠ | Panel-based trend research tracks the same group of respondents — the panel — across multiple measurement waves over time, enabling researchers to separate genuine individual-level change from cohort differences and to model how variables evolve within persons. Unlike repeated cross-sectional designs, which sample new participants at each wave, a panel design retains the same units, giving it the power to detect within-person trajectories and causal ordering among variables. | A cohort study assembles a group of individuals who share a common starting point — typically freedom from the outcome of interest — and follows them over time to observe who develops the outcome. By comparing incidence rates between exposed and unexposed subgroups, researchers can estimate relative risk and absolute risk differences. Cohort studies are the gold-standard observational design for measuring disease incidence and establishing temporal relationships between exposure and outcome. | Repeated-measures ANOVA is a parametric hypothesis test that compares three or more measurements taken from the same individuals — typically across time points or conditions — to decide whether their means differ. It extends one-way ANOVA to within-subjects designs, as treated in standard references such as Girden (1992) and Field (2013). |
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