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Оценител с първа разлика (First-Difference Estimator)×Модел с фиксирани ефекти за панелни данни×
ОбластИконометрияИконометрия
СемействоRegression modelRegression model
Година на възникване20102014
СъздателJeffrey Wooldridge (treatment)Hsiao (textbook treatment); within transformation of panel data
ТипPanel data estimatorPanel data regression
Основополагащ източникWooldridge, J. M. (2010). Econometric Analysis of Cross Section and Panel Data (2nd ed.). MIT Press. ISBN: 978-0-262-23258-8Hsiao, C. (2014). Analysis of Panel Data (3rd ed.). Cambridge University Press. DOI ↗
Други названияFD Estimator, First-Difference Panel Estimator, First-Difference OLS, Birinci Fark Tahmincisifixed effects model, within estimator, panel fixed-effects regression, Panel Veri — Sabit Etkiler Modeli
Свързани25
РезюмеThe First-Difference (FD) estimator is a panel data method that eliminates unobserved, time-invariant individual heterogeneity by subtracting each unit's observation in period t-1 from its observation in period t. By operating on changes rather than levels, FD removes any fixed individual effect that would otherwise confound causal inference. It is widely used in labor economics, program evaluation, and applied microeconomics whenever researchers suspect persistent unobserved differences across individuals, firms, or countries.The Panel Data Fixed Effects model estimates relationships from panel data (the same units observed over several time periods) while controlling for unit- and/or time-specific effects, supporting causal inference. It is developed as the within estimator in standard treatments such as Hsiao's Analysis of Panel Data (2014).
ScholarGateНабор от данни
  1. v1
  2. 1 Източници
  3. PUBLISHED
  1. v1
  2. 2 Източници
  3. PUBLISHED

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ScholarGateСравнение на методи: First-Difference Estimator · Panel Fixed Effects. Извлечено на 2026-06-17 от https://scholargate.app/bg/compare