قارن الطرق

	نمذجة القيمة المضافة	تصميم الحالة-الفرعية
المجال	القياس النفسي	القياس النفسي
العائلة	Latent structure	Latent structure
سنة النشأة	1998	1986
صاحب الطريقة	William Sanders, Sandra Horn	Ross Prentice
النوع	Longitudinal student achievement modeling	Partial cohort sampling design
المصدر التأسيسي	Kane, T. J., Rockoff, J. E., & Staiger, D. O. (2008). What does certification tell us about teacher effectiveness? Evidence from New York City. Economics of Education Review, 27(6), 615-631.	Prentice, R. L. (1986). A case-cohort design for epidemiologic cohort studies and disease prevention trials. Biometrika, 73(1), 1-11.
الأسماء البديلة	VAM	—
ذات صلة	4	4
الملخص	Value-Added Modeling (VAM) is a method for assessing the contribution of schools or teachers to student achievement growth, developed by Sanders and Horn (1998). VAM isolates the effect of a teacher or school by comparing student gains (value added) while controlling for prior achievement and student characteristics.	Case-cohort design is an epidemiological study design developed by Prentice (1986) that efficiently combines features of case-control and cohort studies. Researchers enroll an entire cohort, follow it for outcomes, then measure exposures only on cases and a random subcohort, reducing measurement costs while maintaining valid causal inference.