قارن الطرق

	الترميز التوربيني مع فك التشفير التكراري	Shannon Capacity
المجال	الاتصالات	الاتصالات
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	1993	1948
صاحب الطريقة	Claude Berrou, Alain Glavieux, and Punya Thitimajshima	Claude Shannon
النوع	iterative error-correcting code	fundamental theoretical bound
المصدر التأسيسي	Berrou, C., Glavieux, A., & Thitimajshima, P. (1993). Near Shannon limit error-correcting coding and decoding: Turbo-codes. In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), 1064-1070.	Shannon, C. E. (1948). A mathematical theory of communication. Bell System Technical Journal, 27(3), 379-423.
الأسماء البديلة	iterative decoding, concatenated codes	channel capacity, information theory bound
ذات صلة	5	5
الملخص	Turbo codes, introduced by Berrou, Glavieux, and Thitimajshima in 1993, are a landmark in channel coding history. They achieve performance within 0.5 dB of the Shannon limit—the theoretical boundary for reliable communication—a feat previously thought impossible with practical complexity. Turbo codes use concatenated convolutional codes with an interleaver and iterative decoding via belief propagation. They were adopted in 3G (UMTS) and remain important in 4G/5G systems alongside LDPC codes.	Shannon's channel capacity theorem, published in 1948, establishes the maximum rate at which information can be reliably transmitted over a noisy channel. Expressed as C = B log2(1 + S/N) for additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN), it is a fundamental bound in information theory and communications engineering. Shannon proved that reliable communication is possible at any rate below capacity, and impossible above it. This theorem underpins the design of all modern communication systems and motivates coding theory, modulation, and signal processing techniques.