قارن الطرق

	الأطروحة و رسالة الدكتوراه	مراجعة الأدبيات السردية	مقالة بحثية أصلية
المجال	الكتابة الأكاديمية	الكتابة الأكاديمية	الكتابة الأكاديمية
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	1200	1900	1665
صاحب الطريقة	Medieval university tradition (12th century onward)	Research community (traditional academic writing format)	Scientific research community
النوع	Document Type	Document Type	Document Type
المصدر التأسيسي	American Psychological Association (2020). Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.). APA. ISBN: 978-1-4338-3216-1	Green, B. N., Johnson, C. D., & Adams, A. (2006). Writing narrative literature reviews for peer-reviewed journals: secrets of the trade. Journal of Chiropractic Medicine, 5(3), 101–117.	International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (2023). Recommendations for the Conduct, Reporting, Editing, and Publication of Scholarly Work in Medical Journals. ICMJE.
الأسماء البديلة	master's thesis, PhD dissertation, doctoral thesis, graduate thesis	narrative review, literature survey, interpretive review, state-of-the-art review	research paper, empirical article, primary research, journal article
ذات صلة	2	3	5
الملخص	A thesis (Master's level) or dissertation (doctoral level) is an original research document required for completion of graduate degree programs, serving as the capstone of a student's graduate training. A Master's thesis typically represents 1–2 years of research; a PhD dissertation, 3–5 years. Both require original empirical or theoretical contribution, demonstration of mastery in a discipline, and successful oral defense before faculty committee. Theses and dissertations establish academic credentials, document scholarly work, and are archived in institutional and national repositories (ProQuest, EThOS) for access by scholars worldwide.	A narrative literature review is an interpretive synthesis of published research organized around themes, concepts, or historical progression rather than systematic search. Unlike systematic reviews, narrative reviews employ subjective study selection, do not require protocol registration, and prioritize depth of interpretation over exhaustive comprehensiveness. Narrative reviews are valuable for conceptual synthesis, exploring emerging fields with sparse literature, and providing historical context; they have been the traditional form of scholarly literature synthesis since the inception of academic journals.	An original research article is the primary vehicle for reporting new empirical findings in a discipline. Following the IMRaD structure (Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion), it represents a researcher's novel data, analysis, and interpretation. The journal article format has been the gold standard for scientific communication since the establishment of the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society in 1665.