قارن الطرق

	رنين البلازمون السطحي	التحسين الطيفي للرامان السطحي (SERS)
المجال	علم الطيف	علم الطيف
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	1971	1974
صاحب الطريقة	Erich Kretschmann	Martin Fleischmann
النوع	Optical technique	Vibrational spectroscopy technique
المصدر التأسيسي	Kretschmann, E. (1971). Determination of optical constants of metals by excitation of surface plasmons. Zeitschrift für Physik, 241(4), 313-324.	Fleischmann, M., Hendra, P. J., & McQuillan, A. J. (1974). Raman spectra of pyridine adsorbed at a silver electrode. Chemical Physics Letters, 26(2), 163-166.
الأسماء البديلة	SPR, surface plasmon, SPR biosensing	Surface-enhanced Raman scattering, SERS spectroscopy
ذات صلة	3	3
الملخص	Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) is a real-time, label-free technique for detecting and monitoring biomolecular interactions at a sensor surface by measuring changes in the refractive index caused by ligand binding. Developed by Kretschmann in 1971 and applied to biosensing by Liedberg, Nylander, and Lundström in 1983, SPR is now a gold standard for measuring binding kinetics (association and dissociation rates) and equilibrium binding constants in protein interactions, antibody-antigen recognition, and drug discovery.	Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) amplifies weak Raman signals by many orders of magnitude when analyte molecules are adsorbed on specially prepared metal (typically silver or gold) nanostructured surfaces. Discovered by Fleischmann, Hendra, and McQuillan in 1974, SERS enables detection of vibrational signatures of single molecules and ultra-trace contaminants, revolutionizing analytical chemistry and forensics.