قارن الطرق

	التصميم الارتجاعي بمساعدة المحاكاة	محاكاة مونت كارلو
المجال	تصميم البحث	اتخاذ القرار
العائلة	Process / pipeline	MCDM
سنة النشأة	Ex post facto: 1964; simulation-assisted hybrid: 1990s–2000s	1949
صاحب الطريقة	Kerlinger, F. N. (ex post facto basis); simulation integration drawn from computational social science (Axelrod, Epstein, 1990s)	Metropolis, N., Ulam, S.
النوع	Non-experimental observational design with computational augmentation	Robustness wrapper — Monte Carlo uncertainty propagation
المصدر التأسيسي	Kerlinger, F. N. (1964). Foundations of Behavioral Research. Holt, Rinehart and Winston.	Metropolis, N., Ulam, S. (1949). The Monte Carlo method. Journal of the American Statistical Association
الأسماء البديلة	simulation-enhanced causal-comparative design, ex post facto with simulation, retrospective simulation design, SAEPF design	—
ذات صلة	4	0
الملخص	Simulation-assisted ex post facto design is a non-experimental observational approach in which the researcher examines already-occurred events or conditions using existing records and then supplements the empirical analysis with computational simulation to approximate counterfactual scenarios that cannot be observed in reality. The design retains the retrospective, naturalistic character of classic ex post facto research while leveraging agent-based, Monte Carlo, or system-dynamics simulation to address the inherent confound limitations of purely archival work.	MONTE-CARLO-SIMULATION (Monte Carlo Simulation — Stochastic uncertainty propagation through MCDM model) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Metropolis, N., Ulam, S. in 1949. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.