قارن الطرق

	قيمة شابلي	نموذج الوكيل والموكل
المجال	نظرية الألعاب	نظرية الألعاب
العائلة	Machine learning	Machine learning
سنة النشأة	1953	1976
صاحب الطريقة	Lloyd Shapley	Michael Jensen, William Meckling, Bengt Holmstrom
النوع	algorithm	algorithm
المصدر التأسيسي	Shapley, L. S. (1953). A value for n-person games. In H. W. Kuhn & A. W. Tucker (Eds.), Contributions to the Theory of Games II (pp. 307-317). Princeton University Press.	Jensen, M. C., & Meckling, W. H. (1976). Theory of the firm: Managerial behavior, agency costs and ownership structure. Journal of Financial Economics, 3(4), 305-360.
الأسماء البديلة	Fair Division, Cooperative Game Solution, Dividend Vector	Agency Theory, Hidden Action Problem, Moral Hazard
ذات صلة	4	4
الملخص	The Shapley Value is a solution concept for coalition games that distributes total payoff fairly among players based on their marginal contributions to coalitions. Introduced by Lloyd Shapley in 1953, the Shapley Value is the unique payoff distribution that satisfies four intuitive axioms: efficiency (total payoff is distributed), symmetry (identical players receive equal payoff), null player (players contributing nothing receive nothing), and additivity across games.	The Principal-Agent Model analyzes how a principal (e.g., owner, employer, policymaker) can incentivize an agent (e.g., manager, employee, firm) to act in the principal's interest when the agent has private information or can take hidden actions. Formalized by Jensen and Meckling in 1976, the model identifies agency costs arising from moral hazard (the agent exerts less effort than desired) and adverse selection (the agent hides unfavorable information). Optimal contracts balance incentives with risk allocation.