قارن الطرق

	مقياس الشعور بالانتماء	مقياس انخراط الطلاب
المجال	علم النفس التربوي	علم النفس التربوي
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	1993	2004
صاحب الطريقة	Carol Goodenow	Jennifer Fredricks, Phyllis Blumenfeld, Alison Paris
النوع	School belonging perception scale	Multidimensional engagement assessment
المصدر التأسيسي	Goodenow, C. (1993). Classroom belonging among early adolescent students: relationships to motivation and achievement. Journal of Early Adolescence, 13(1), 21-43.	Fredricks, J. A., Blumenfeld, P. C., & Paris, A. H. (2004). School engagement: Potential of the concept, state of the evidence. Review of Educational Research, 74(1), 59-109.
الأسماء البديلة	SOBS, School Belonging Measure	SES, Academic Engagement Measure
ذات صلة	4	4
الملخص	The Sense of Belonging Scale (SOBS) measures students' perceptions of their connectedness and acceptance within the school community. Developed by Goodenow (1993), it assesses whether students feel valued, included, and connected to peers and teachers. Sense of belonging is a critical psychological need and a powerful predictor of academic motivation, engagement, mental health, and persistence, particularly for students from underrepresented groups.	The Student Engagement Scale (SES) measures the extent to which students are actively involved in academic and social aspects of school or university life. Grounded in Fredricks et al.'s multidimensional framework, the instrument assesses behavioral engagement (participation, attendance, effort), emotional engagement (interest, belonging, enthusiasm), and cognitive engagement (mental effort, deep thinking, persistence). High engagement is consistently associated with better learning outcomes and well-being.