قارن الطرق

	تحليل الوساطة القوي	تحليل المسار القوي
المجال	الإحصاء	الإحصاء
العائلة	Latent structure	Latent structure
سنة النشأة	2008–2014	1998
صاحب الطريقة	Yuan & MacKinnon (median-regression formulation, 2014); robust bootstrap variants popularised by Hayes (2013) and Preacher & Hayes (2008)	Yuan & Bentler (robust SEM/path framework); Huber (M-estimation foundation)
النوع	Causal inference / indirect effects	Causal path modeling with robust estimation
المصدر التأسيسي	Yuan, Y., & MacKinnon, D. P. (2014). Robust mediation analysis based on median regression. Psychological Methods, 19(1), 1–20.	Yuan, K.-H. & Bentler, P. M. (1998). Robust mean and covariance structure analysis. British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology, 51(1), 63–88.
الأسماء البديلة	robust indirect effects, outlier-resistant mediation, robust causal mediation	robust PA, path analysis with robust standard errors, robust causal path modeling, robust structural path modeling
ذات صلة	5	6
الملخص	Robust mediation analysis estimates the indirect effect of an independent variable on an outcome through one or more mediators using estimators that resist the influence of outliers and non-normal error distributions. By combining robust regression (such as median or M-estimation) with percentile or bias-corrected bootstrap confidence intervals, it yields trustworthy conclusions when standard ordinary-least-squares mediation would be distorted by extreme observations.	Robust path analysis applies robust estimation — such as sandwich standard errors or M-estimation — to path models that specify directed causal relationships among observed variables. It preserves valid inference about path coefficients and indirect effects when data violate normality, contain outliers, or exhibit heteroscedasticity that would distort conventional standard errors.