قارن الطرق

	نموذج الخليط الغاوسي المنتظم	آلة المتجهات الداعمة أحادية الفئة
المجال	تعلم الآلة	تعلم الآلة
العائلة	Machine learning	Machine learning
سنة النشأة	2000s–2010s	1999–2001
صاحب الطريقة	Fraley, C. & Raftery, A. E. (regularization formalized); sklearn team (practical reg_covar parameter)	Scholkopf, B., Platt, J. C., Smola, A. J., Williamson, R. C.
النوع	Probabilistic clustering with regularization	Anomaly / novelty detection (unsupervised)
المصدر التأسيسي	Fraley, C. & Raftery, A. E. (2002). Model-based clustering, discriminant analysis, and density estimation. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 97(458), 611–631.	Scholkopf, B., Platt, J. C., Shawe-Taylor, J., Smola, A. J., & Williamson, R. C. (2001). Estimating the support of a high-dimensional distribution. Neural Computation, 13(7), 1443–1471.
الأسماء البديلة	Regularized GMM, GMM with covariance regularization, stabilized Gaussian mixture model, penalized GMM	OCSVM, one-class support vector machine, novelty SVM, unsupervised SVM
ذات صلة	5	3
الملخص	A Regularized Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) adds a small positive constant to the diagonal of each component covariance matrix during the Expectation-Maximization algorithm, preventing singular or near-singular matrices that cause numerical failures when the data are sparse, high-dimensional, or contain near-duplicate observations.	One-class SVM is an unsupervised anomaly and novelty detection algorithm that learns a tight boundary around normal training data in a kernel-induced feature space, flagging new observations that fall outside that boundary as outliers. Introduced by Scholkopf et al. in 1999–2001, it extends the SVM framework to the single-class setting where no labelled anomalies are available.