قارن الطرق

	تتبع العمليات (Process Tracing)	منهجية فضاء القاعدة
المجال	القياس النفسي	القياس النفسي
العائلة	Latent structure	Latent structure
سنة النشأة	2005	1983
صاحب الطريقة	Alexander George, Andrew Bennett	Kikumi K. Tatsuoka
النوع	Qualitative causal inference	IRT-based diagnostic classification
المصدر التأسيسي	Bennett, A., & Checkel, J. T. (Eds.). (2015). Process Tracing: From Metaphor to Analytic Tool. Cambridge University Press.	Hartz, S. M. (2002). A Bayesian framework for the unified treatment of assessing dimensionality, assessing local dependence, and estimating ability for unidimensional and multidimensional item response data. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
الأسماء البديلة	—	RSM
ذات صلة	5	5
الملخص	Process Tracing is a qualitative research method developed by George and Bennett (2005) for studying causal mechanisms and causal chains within individual cases. It involves examining the sequence of events and decision-making processes within a case to infer whether a hypothesized causal mechanism actually operated. Process tracing aims to strengthen causal inference in case studies by looking beyond correlation to understand how causes produce effects.	Rule Space Methodology (RSM) is a diagnostic classification approach developed by Tatsuoka (1983) that uses Item Response Theory and geometric methods to classify examinees into knowledge states based on their response patterns. Unlike classical scoring, RSM identifies which specific skills or competencies an examinee possesses or lacks, enabling targeted educational interventions.