قارن الطرق

	تحليل العوامل الاستكشافي المتعدد الحدود	تحليل العوامل التأكيدي (CFA)
المجال	القياس النفسي	القياس النفسي
العائلة	Latent structure	Latent structure
سنة النشأة	1978	1969
صاحب الطريقة	Bengt Muthén	Karl Gustav Jöreskog
النوع	Latent variable / dimension reduction	Hypothesis-testing latent variable model
المصدر التأسيسي	Flora, D. B., & Curran, P. J. (2004). An empirical evaluation of alternative methods of estimation for confirmatory factor analysis with ordinal data. Psychological Methods, 9(4), 466–491.	Jöreskog, K. G. (1969). A general approach to confirmatory maximum likelihood factor analysis. Psychometrika, 34(2), 183–202.
الأسماء البديلة	EFA for ordered-categorical data, polychoric EFA, ordinal exploratory factor analysis, polytomous factor analysis	CFA, confirmatory FA, measurement model, restricted factor analysis
ذات صلة	4	4
الملخص	Polytomous exploratory factor analysis extends standard EFA to ordered categorical (Likert-type) response data by replacing the Pearson correlation matrix with a polychoric correlation matrix. It recovers the latent continuous variable that each polytomous item is assumed to reflect, yielding more accurate factor loadings and better-defined factor structures than treating ordinal scores as if they were continuous.	Confirmatory factor analysis tests a researcher-specified factor structure against observed data. Unlike exploratory approaches, the researcher decides in advance which indicators load on which latent factor, and the model is evaluated by how closely the implied covariance matrix reproduces the sample covariance matrix. CFA is central to scale validation, construct validity assessment, and measurement invariance testing.