قارن الطرق

	Politeness Analysis	Discourse Completion Task
المجال	علم اللغة	علم اللغة
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	1987	1989
صاحب الطريقة	Penelope Brown and Stephen C. Levinson	Shoshana Blum-Kulka, Juliane House & Gabriele Kasper (CCSARP project)
النوع	Qualitative analysis of linguistic politeness via face theory	Written/oral elicitation instrument for speech-act data
المصدر التأسيسي	Brown, P., & Levinson, S. C. (1987). Politeness: Some Universals in Language Usage. Cambridge University Press. ISBN: 9780521313551	Blum-Kulka, S., House, J., & Kasper, G. (Eds.) (1989). Cross-Cultural Pragmatics: Requests and Apologies. Ablex Publishing. ISBN: 9780893915131
الأسماء البديلة	Face Theory Analysis, Politeness Strategy Analysis, Linguistic Politeness Analysis	Discourse Completion Test, DCT, Production Questionnaire
ذات صلة	4	3
الملخص	Politeness analysis is the qualitative method of examining how speakers manage face — the public self-image people claim — when they perform acts that threaten it. Anchored in Penelope Brown and Stephen Levinson's influential face theory, the analyst locates face-threatening acts in interaction, codes the strategy chosen to soften (or not soften) them, and relates that choice to the weight of the threat as a function of social distance, relative power, and the ranking of the imposition. The framework's enduring scheme of strategies — bald on-record, positive politeness, negative politeness, and off-record — gives politeness phenomena a systematic, comparable description.	The discourse completion task (DCT) is an elicitation instrument widely used in pragmatics to gather data on how people perform speech acts such as requests, apologies, refusals, and compliments. Respondents read short descriptions of situations and write (or say) what they would utter in each, allowing researchers to collect comparable speech-act data across many speakers, languages, and cultures under controlled conditions. It was popularized by the Cross-Cultural Speech Act Realization Project (CCSARP) of Blum-Kulka, House, and Kasper in 1989.