قارن الطرق

	تطبيق مطابقة درجات الميل لتقييم السياسات	التقدير المتين المزدوج (AIPW)
المجال	الاستدلال السببي	الاستدلال السببي
العائلة	Regression model	Regression model
سنة النشأة	1983; policy evaluation adaptation 1997	2005
صاحب الطريقة	Rosenbaum & Rubin (1983); Heckman, Ichimura & Todd (1997) for program/policy evaluation application	Robins & Rotnitzky; Bang & Robins
النوع	Quasi-experimental matching estimator	Semiparametric causal estimator
المصدر التأسيسي	Rosenbaum, P. R., & Rubin, D. B. (1983). The central role of the propensity score in observational studies for causal effects. Biometrika, 70(1), 41-55.	Robins, J. M. & Rotnitzky, A. (1995). Semiparametric Efficiency in Multivariate Regression Models with Missing Data. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 90(429), 122-129.
الأسماء البديلة	PSM policy evaluation, policy PSM, propensity matching for program evaluation, PSM treatment evaluation	AIPW, augmented inverse probability weighting, doubly robust estimator, Çift Gürbüz Kestirici (Augmented IPW / AIPW)
ذات صلة	6	5
الملخص	Policy evaluation propensity score matching applies the propensity score framework — originally developed by Rosenbaum and Rubin (1983) and operationalized for program evaluation by Heckman et al. (1997) — to estimate the causal effect of a policy intervention. It constructs a credible comparison group from non-participants by matching them to participants on their estimated probability of receiving the treatment, enabling unbiased effect estimation without random assignment.	Doubly Robust Estimation, also called Augmented Inverse Probability Weighting (AIPW), is a semiparametric method for estimating causal treatment effects that combines an outcome regression model with a propensity (treatment) model. Developed in the work of Robins & Rotnitzky (1995) and Bang & Robins (2005), it stays consistent as long as at least one of the two models is correctly specified.