قارن الطرق

	تصميم الانحدار غير المستمر للبيانات اللوحية	بيانات البانل (Panel Data) فرق الفروقات (Difference-in-Differences - DiD)
المجال	الاستدلال السببي	الاستدلال السببي
العائلة	Regression model	Regression model
سنة النشأة	1960 (original RDD); panel extension codified 2000s–2010s	1985–2004
صاحب الطريقة	Thistlethwaite & Campbell (1960); panel extension developed through Lee & Lemieux (2010) and related applied work	Ashenfelter & Card (1985); codified by Angrist & Pischke (2009); serial correlation critique by Bertrand, Duflo & Mullainathan (2004)
النوع	Causal inference / quasi-experimental	Causal inference / panel regression
المصدر التأسيسي	Lee, D. S., & Lemieux, T. (2010). Regression Discontinuity Designs in Economics. Journal of Economic Literature, 48(2), 281-355.	Angrist, J. D., & Pischke, J.-S. (2009). Mostly Harmless Econometrics: An Empiricist's Companion. Princeton University Press. ISBN: 978-0691120355
الأسماء البديلة	Panel RD, Panel RDD, Longitudinal Regression Discontinuity, Fixed-Effects RDD	Two-Way Fixed Effects DiD, TWFE, Panel DiD, Panel Diff-in-Diff
ذات صلة	5	4
الملخص	Panel data regression discontinuity design (Panel RDD) combines the sharp local identification of a regression discontinuity with the within-unit variation available in repeated-observation panel data. Units are observed across multiple periods, and treatment is assigned based on whether a running variable crosses a known threshold. By leveraging both the discontinuity and panel structure, researchers can control for unobserved unit-level heterogeneity while estimating a causal treatment effect near the threshold.	Panel Data Difference-in-Differences extends the classic two-period DiD design to settings with multiple units observed across many time periods. By absorbing unit-level fixed effects and time fixed effects simultaneously, it isolates the causal effect of a treatment or policy change while controlling for both time-invariant unit heterogeneity and common time shocks affecting all units.