قارن الطرق

	مطابقة درجات الميل لبيانات اللوحات	مقدِّر المطابقة
المجال	الاستدلال السببي	الاستدلال السببي
العائلة	Regression model	Regression model
سنة النشأة	1997-1998	1973
صاحب الطريقة	Heckman, Ichimura & Todd	Rubin (1973); large-sample theory by Abadie & Imbens (2006)
النوع	Matching / causal inference	Nonparametric matching / causal inference
المصدر التأسيسي	Heckman, J. J., Ichimura, H., & Todd, P. (1998). Matching as an Econometric Evaluation Estimator. Review of Economic Studies, 65(2), 261-294.	Abadie, A., & Imbens, G. W. (2006). Large Sample Properties of Matching Estimators for Average Treatment Effects. Econometrica, 74(1), 235-267.
الأسماء البديلة	PSM with panel data, longitudinal PSM, panel PSM, difference-in-differences PSM	nearest-neighbor matching, NNM, matching on covariates, covariate matching
ذات صلة	6	6
الملخص	Panel data propensity score matching combines the bias-reduction of PSM with the longitudinal structure of panel data, enabling causal estimation of treatment effects by matching treated and control units on observable pre-treatment characteristics and then differencing within matched pairs over time. Developed in the framework of Heckman, Ichimura, and Todd (1998), it is especially valuable when randomisation is infeasible and both selection on observables and time-varying confounding must be addressed simultaneously.	The matching estimator identifies the causal effect of a treatment by pairing each treated unit with one or more untreated units that have similar observed characteristics. Formalised by Rubin (1973) and given rigorous large-sample theory by Abadie and Imbens (2006), it constructs a credible control group from observational data without requiring a parametric model for the outcome.