قارن الطرق

	تحليل غلاف البيانات الشبكي (Network DEA)	تصحيح الانحياز وفترات الثقة لدرجات الكفاءة باستخدام Bootstrap DEA	مؤشر مالمكويست للإنتاجية
المجال	تحليل الكفاءة	تحليل الكفاءة	تحليل الكفاءة
العائلة	Regression model	Regression model	Regression model
سنة النشأة	2000	1998	1994
صاحب الطريقة	Färe & Grosskopf	Simar & Wilson	Färe, Grosskopf, Norris & Zhang
النوع	Multi-stage nonparametric efficiency model	Nonparametric efficiency estimation with bootstrap inference	Non-parametric productivity index
المصدر التأسيسي	Färe, R., & Grosskopf, S. (2000). Network DEA. Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, 34(1), 35–49.	Simar, L., & Wilson, P. W. (1998). Sensitivity analysis of efficiency scores: How to bootstrap in nonparametric frontier models. Management Science, 44(1), 49–61.	Färe, R., Grosskopf, S., Norris, M., & Zhang, Z. (1994). Productivity growth, technical progress, and efficiency change in industrialized countries. American Economic Review, 84(1), 66–83.
الأسماء البديلة	Network Data Envelopment Analysis, Network Efficiency Analysis, Multi-Stage DEA, Ağ Veri Zarflama Analizi	Bootstrapped DEA, DEA Bootstrap Inference, Simar-Wilson Bootstrap, Bootstrap Sınır Analizi	MPI, Malmquist Index, Malmquist DEA Productivity Index, Malmquist Verimlilik Endeksi
ذات صلة	2	2	1
الملخص	Network Data Envelopment Analysis (Network DEA) is a nonparametric efficiency measurement framework introduced by Färe and Grosskopf (2000) that extends classical DEA to multi-stage or multi-division production processes. Rather than treating a decision-making unit as a black box, it explicitly models the internal structure — the divisions and the intermediate products that flow between them — enabling stage-level and overall efficiency scores to be estimated simultaneously within a single coherent model.	Bootstrap Data Envelopment Analysis (Bootstrap DEA) is a resampling-based extension of standard DEA that provides statistically valid inference for efficiency scores. Introduced by Simar and Wilson in 1998, it addresses the core weakness of classical DEA — its inability to quantify uncertainty in estimated scores — by constructing bootstrap confidence intervals and bias-corrected efficiency estimates from repeatedly resampled pseudo-frontiers.	The Malmquist Productivity Index (MPI) is a non-parametric measure of total factor productivity (TFP) change over time. Formally grounded in distance functions by Caves, Christensen, and Diewert (1982) and operationalized using Data Envelopment Analysis by Färe, Grosskopf, Norris, and Zhang (1994), MPI decomposes productivity growth into two components: efficiency change (catching-up to the frontier) and technical change (shift of the frontier itself).