قارن الطرق

	توليد اللغة الطبيعية	ضبط نماذج GPT الدقيق
المجال	تنقيب النصوص	التعلم العميق
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Machine learning
سنة النشأة	1970s (rule-based origins); 2000s (probabilistic); 2017+ (neural/transformer era)	2019
صاحب الطريقة	Reiter & Dale (classical pipeline, 2000); Gatt & Krahmer (modern survey, 2018)	Radford, A. et al. (OpenAI)
النوع	NLP generative task — structured data to natural language	Fine-tuning of pretrained autoregressive language models
المصدر التأسيسي	Gatt, A. & Krahmer, E. (2018). Survey of the State of the Art in Natural Language Generation: Core Tasks, Applications and Evaluation. Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research, 61, 65-170.	Radford, A., Wu, J., Child, R., Luan, D., Amodei, D. & Sutskever, I. (2019). Language Models are Unsupervised Multitask Learners. OpenAI Technical Report.
الأسماء البديلة	NLG, data-to-text, text generation, Doğal Dil Üretimi (NLG)	GPT İnce Ayar ve Talimat Uyarlaması, GPT fine-tuning, instruction tuning, LLM fine-tuning
ذات صلة	7	5
الملخص	Natural Language Generation (NLG) is the branch of natural language processing that automatically produces fluent, human-readable text from structured data, knowledge graphs, or semantic representations. Formalised in the classical pipeline by Reiter and Dale (2000) and surveyed comprehensively by Gatt and Krahmer (2018), NLG powers applications ranging from automated financial reporting and weather bulletins to data storytelling and conversational agents.	GPT fine-tuning adapts pretrained autoregressive language models such as GPT-2/3/4 or LLaMA — introduced in OpenAI's 2019 work by Radford and colleagues — to domain-specific data or to instruction following via reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) or DPO. It is used for instruction following, domain adaptation, and generative tasks.