قارن الطرق

	نموذج الانحدار الذاتي التوزيعي غير الخطي (NARDL)	انحدار المربعات الصغرى العادية (OLS)	نموذج الانحدار الذاتي الانتقالي السلس (STAR)	نظام GMM (أريلانو-بوفر / بلوندل-بوند)
المجال	الاقتصاد القياسي	الاقتصاد القياسي	الاقتصاد القياسي	الاقتصاد القياسي
العائلة	Regression model	Regression model	Regression model	Regression model
سنة النشأة	2014	2019	1994	1998
صاحب الطريقة	Shin, Yu & Greenwood-Nimmo	Wooldridge (textbook treatment); classical least squares	Teräsvirta (1994); van Dijk, Teräsvirta & Franses (2002)	Arellano & Bover (1995); Blundell & Bond (1998)
النوع	Asymmetric cointegration / error-correction model	Linear regression	Nonlinear time-series regime-switching model	Dynamic panel data estimator
المصدر التأسيسي	Shin, Y., Yu, B. & Greenwood-Nimmo, M. (2014). Modelling Asymmetric Cointegration and Dynamic Multipliers in a Nonlinear ARDL Framework. In: Sickles, R. & Horrace, W. (Eds.), Festschrift in Honor of Peter Schmidt. Springer.	Wooldridge, J. M. (2019). Introductory Econometrics: A Modern Approach (7th ed.). Cengage Learning. ISBN: 978-1337558860	Teräsvirta, T. (1994). Specification, Estimation, and Evaluation of Smooth Transition Autoregressive Models. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 89(425), 208–218.	Arellano, M. & Bond, S. (1991). Some Tests of Specification for Panel Data: Monte Carlo Evidence and an Application to Employment Equations. Review of Economic Studies, 58(2), 277-297.
الأسماء البديلة	nonlinear ARDL, asymmetric ARDL, Doğrusal Olmayan ARDL (NARDL)	ordinary least squares, classical linear regression, linear regression, en küçük kareler regresyonu	smooth transition autoregressive model, LSTAR, ESTAR, logistic STAR	Arellano-Bover estimator, Blundell-Bond estimator, dynamic panel GMM, Sistem GMM (Arellano-Bover / Blundell-Bond)
ذات صلة	4	5	4	4
الملخص	The NARDL model, introduced by Shin, Yu and Greenwood-Nimmo in 2014, extends the ARDL framework to capture asymmetric long-run and short-run relationships, testing whether positive and negative changes in a regressor affect the dependent variable differently.	Ordinary Least Squares is the classical linear regression method that explains a continuous outcome as a linear combination of predictors. It estimates the coefficients by minimising the sum of squared residuals, and under the Gauss-Markov assumptions these estimates are the best linear unbiased estimator (BLUE).	The Smooth Transition Autoregressive (STAR) model is a nonlinear time-series model, developed in Teräsvirta's 1994 framework, that lets the dynamics move smoothly rather than abruptly between two regimes. The logistic variant (LSTAR) captures asymmetric business cycles and the exponential variant (ESTAR) captures purchasing-power-parity deviations.	System GMM is a generalized method of moments estimator for dynamic panel models that contain a lagged dependent variable. Introduced by Blundell and Bond (1998), building on Arellano and Bover, it augments the differenced equation of the earlier difference GMM (Arellano-Bond) with the equation in levels to deliver consistent estimates when N is large and T is small.