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| التحليل العاملي الاستكشافي متعدد المستويات (ML-EFA)× | التحليل العاملي الاستكشافي (EFA)× | |
|---|---|---|
| المجال≠ | القياس النفسي | الإحصاء |
| العائلة | Latent structure | Latent structure |
| سنة النشأة≠ | 1994 | — |
| صاحب الطريقة≠ | Bengt O. Muthén | — |
| النوع≠ | Latent variable / multilevel dimension reduction | Latent variable / dimension reduction |
| المصدر التأسيسي≠ | Muthén, B. O. (1994). Multilevel covariance structure analysis. Sociological Methods & Research, 22(3), 376–398. DOI ↗ | Fabrigar, L. R., Wegener, D. T., MacCallum, R. C. & Strahan, E. J. (1999). Evaluating the use of exploratory factor analysis in psychological research. Psychological Methods, 4(3), 272–299. DOI ↗ |
| الأسماء البديلة≠ | ML-EFA, multilevel factor analysis, two-level exploratory factor analysis, hierarchical exploratory factor analysis | common factor analysis, açımlayıcı faktör analizi, factor analysis |
| ذات صلة≠ | 3 | 4 |
| الملخص≠ | Multilevel exploratory factor analysis uncovers latent factor structures simultaneously at two or more levels of a data hierarchy — for example, both within individuals and between groups — without imposing a fixed structure in advance. It is essential whenever survey or test items are collected from respondents nested inside classrooms, organisations, or clinics. | Exploratory factor analysis reduces a large set of observed variables into a smaller number of latent common factors. It is widely used in scale development and psychometrics to uncover the dimensional structure that underlies a set of correlated items, without specifying that structure in advance. |
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