قارن الطرق

	نموذج طابور M/M/1: نموذج الطابور ذو الخادم الواحد	قانون ليتل (L = λW)
المجال	بحوث العمليات	بحوث العمليات
العائلة	Regression model	Regression model
سنة النشأة	1953	1961
صاحب الطريقة	A. K. Erlang; David Kendall (notation)	John D. C. Little
النوع	Stochastic queueing model	Exact queueing identity
المصدر التأسيسي	Kendall, D. G. (1953). Stochastic processes occurring in the theory of queues and their analysis by the method of the imbedded Markov chain. The Annals of Mathematical Statistics, 24(3), 338–354.	Little, J. D. C. (1961). A proof for the queuing formula: L = λW. Operations Research, 9(3), 383–387.
الأسماء البديلة	Single-Server Markovian Queue, Birth-Death Queue, Poisson Queue, M/M/1 Kuyruk Modeli	L = λW Theorem, Little's Theorem, Little's Result, Little Yasası
ذات صلة	3	3
الملخص	The M/M/1 queue is the foundational single-server queueing model in which customers arrive according to a Poisson process with rate λ, are served one at a time by a single server with exponentially distributed service times at rate μ, and wait in an infinite-capacity first-come-first-served queue. Formalized within the Kendall notation framework by David Kendall in 1953, building on A. K. Erlang's early twentieth-century telephone traffic work, it yields closed-form steady-state performance measures when the traffic intensity ρ = λ/μ is less than one.	Little's Law is a fundamental theorem in queueing theory that relates the long-run average number of items in a stable system (L) to the long-run average arrival rate (λ) and the long-run average time an item spends in the system (W), expressed as L = λW. Introduced and rigorously proved by John D. C. Little in 1961, the law holds for virtually any stable stochastic system, requiring no assumptions about arrival distributions, service distributions, or queue disciplines.