قارن الطرق

	دراسة الحالات والشواهد المتطابقة	مطابقة درجات الميل
المجال	علم الأوبئة	إحصاء البحث
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	1950s–1970s	1983
صاحب الطريقة	Brian MacMahon and others; systematised by Schlesselman (1982)	Paul Rosenbaum and Donald Rubin
النوع	Observational analytic design	Method
المصدر التأسيسي	Rothman, K. J., Greenland, S., & Lash, T. L. (2008). Modern Epidemiology (3rd ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN: 978-0781755474	Rosenbaum, P. R., & Rubin, D. B. (1983). The central role of the propensity score in observational studies for causal effects. Biometrika, 70(1), 41–55.
الأسماء البديلة	matched case-referent study, individually matched case-control, pair-matched case-control, matched case-control design	PSM, propensity score weighting, covariate balance
ذات صلة	5	3
الملخص	A matched case-control study is an observational epidemiological design in which each case (a person with the disease or outcome of interest) is paired with one or more controls (persons without the outcome) who share one or more characteristics — such as age, sex, or clinical setting — to control confounding. Exposure history is then compared between cases and their matched controls to estimate the odds ratio of the exposure-disease association.	Propensity score matching (PSM) is a method for reducing confounding bias in observational studies by balancing baseline characteristics between treatment groups, simulating randomization. Developed by Rosenbaum and Rubin (1983), it estimates the probability of receiving treatment given observed covariates, then matches or weights treated and control individuals with similar treatment probabilities. Widely used in medicine, epidemiology, and policy evaluation when randomized trials are infeasible or unethical, enabling estimation of treatment effects while controlling for selection bias.