قارن الطرق

	تقديرات M (الانحدار القوي)	انحدار الكوانتيل
المجال	الإحصاء	الاقتصاد القياسي
العائلة	Regression model	Regression model
سنة النشأة	2009	1978
صاحب الطريقة	Peter J. Huber	Koenker & Bassett
النوع	Robust linear regression	Conditional quantile regression
المصدر التأسيسي	Huber, P. J., & Ronchetti, E. M. (2009). Robust Statistics (2nd ed.). Wiley.	Koenker, R. & Bassett, G., Jr. (1978). Regression Quantiles. Econometrica, 46(1), 33-50.
الأسماء البديلة	m-estimation, huber regression, robust m-regression, M-Tahmin Ediciler	conditional quantile regression, regression quantiles, Kantil Regresyon
ذات صلة	5	5
الملخص	M-estimators are a robust generalisation of maximum likelihood estimation, formalised in the work of Peter J. Huber (Huber & Ronchetti, 2009). Instead of squaring every residual, they apply a bounded loss function so that large residuals from outliers are down-weighted rather than allowed to dominate the fit.	Quantile regression models conditional quantiles of an outcome - the median, the 25th or 75th percentile, and so on - rather than the conditional mean that OLS targets. Introduced by Koenker and Bassett in 1978, it reveals how predictors act across the whole distribution, including its tails.