قارن الطرق

	اختبار جذر الوحدة لـ Lumsdaine-Papell مع كسرين هيكليين	اختبار باي-بيرون لتعدد نقاط التغير الهيكلي
المجال	الاقتصاد القياسي	الاقتصاد القياسي
العائلة	Hypothesis test	Hypothesis test
سنة النشأة	1997	1998
صاحب الطريقة	Robin Lumsdaine & David Papell	Jushan Bai & Pierre Perron
النوع	Sequential two-break unit-root test	Sequential hypothesis test for multiple structural breaks
المصدر التأسيسي	Lumsdaine, R. L., & Papell, D. H. (1997). Multiple trend breaks and the unit-root hypothesis. Review of Economics and Statistics, 79(2), 212–218.	Bai, J., & Perron, P. (1998). Estimating and testing linear models with multiple structural changes. Econometrica, 66(1), 47–78.
الأسماء البديلة	LP Test, Two-Break Unit-Root Test, Double Structural Break Unit-Root Test, Lumsdaine-Papell İki Kırılmalı Birim Kök Testi	Bai-Perron Multiple Break Test, Multiple Structural Change Test, Sequential Structural Break Test, Çoklu Yapısal Kırılma Testi
ذات صلة	3	2
الملخص	The Lumsdaine-Papell test, introduced by Robin Lumsdaine and David Papell in 1997, extends the Zivot-Andrews single-break unit-root test to allow for two simultaneous structural breaks in the intercept and/or linear trend of a time series. It is widely used in macroeconomics and finance when data are suspected to have experienced two major regime shifts — such as policy changes, financial crises, or wars — and the researcher needs to determine whether the series is nonetheless integrated of order one.	The Bai-Perron test, introduced by Jushan Bai and Pierre Perron in their landmark 1998 Econometrica paper, is a least-squares-based procedure for detecting, estimating, and testing the number of structural breaks in a linear regression model estimated on time-series data. Unlike single-break tests, it simultaneously identifies multiple change-points in a sample, providing economists and empirical researchers with a rigorous, data-driven way to locate parameter instability across time.