قارن الطرق

	حساب جونز	بصريات فورييه	حساب مولر-ستوكس
المجال	علم البصريات	علم البصريات	علم البصريات
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	1941	1822	1852
صاحب الطريقة	Robert Clark Jones	Joseph Fourier and Ernst Abbe	George Gabriel Stokes and Hans Mueller
النوع	Vector-matrix formalism	Spectral decomposition method	Vector-matrix formalism
المصدر التأسيسي	Jones, R. C. (1941). A new calculus for the treatment of optical systems: I. Description and discussion of the calculus. Journal of the Optical Society of America, 31(7), 488-493.	Goodman, J. W. (1968). Introduction to Fourier Optics. McGraw-Hill.	Stokes, G. G. (1852). On the composition and resolution of streams of polarized light from different sources. Transactions of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, 9, 399-416.
الأسماء البديلة	Jones vector method, Jones matrix, polarization calculus	frequency-domain optics, wave optics, diffraction theory	Mueller matrix method, Stokes parameters, Mueller calculus
ذات صلة	3	3	3
الملخص	Jones calculus is a mathematical formalism for analyzing the propagation and manipulation of polarized light using vectors and matrices. Developed by Robert Clark Jones in 1941, it represents the electric field of a coherent optical beam as a two-component complex vector (Jones vector) and optical elements as matrices (Jones matrices), enabling elegant tracking of polarization through optical systems.	Fourier optics is a mathematical framework that analyzes optical systems and phenomena using Fourier transforms and frequency-domain methods. Grounded in Joseph Fourier's 1822 work on heat diffusion and Ernst Abbe's microscopy theory, this approach decomposes optical fields into plane waves or spatial frequencies, revealing how optical systems manipulate and filter these components to produce images and transmit information.	Mueller-Stokes calculus is a mathematical framework for describing and analyzing the polarization properties of light, including partially polarized and unpolarized light. Grounded in George Gabriel Stokes' 1852 work on polarization parameters and extended by Hans Mueller in 1948, this formalism uses the four-component Stokes vector and the 4×4 Mueller matrix to track how optical systems transform polarization states.