قارن الطرق

	بصريات فورييه	حساب مولر-ستوكس
المجال	علم البصريات	علم البصريات
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	1822	1852
صاحب الطريقة	Joseph Fourier and Ernst Abbe	George Gabriel Stokes and Hans Mueller
النوع	Spectral decomposition method	Vector-matrix formalism
المصدر التأسيسي	Goodman, J. W. (1968). Introduction to Fourier Optics. McGraw-Hill.	Stokes, G. G. (1852). On the composition and resolution of streams of polarized light from different sources. Transactions of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, 9, 399-416.
الأسماء البديلة	frequency-domain optics, wave optics, diffraction theory	Mueller matrix method, Stokes parameters, Mueller calculus
ذات صلة	3	3
الملخص	Fourier optics is a mathematical framework that analyzes optical systems and phenomena using Fourier transforms and frequency-domain methods. Grounded in Joseph Fourier's 1822 work on heat diffusion and Ernst Abbe's microscopy theory, this approach decomposes optical fields into plane waves or spatial frequencies, revealing how optical systems manipulate and filter these components to produce images and transmit information.	Mueller-Stokes calculus is a mathematical framework for describing and analyzing the polarization properties of light, including partially polarized and unpolarized light. Grounded in George Gabriel Stokes' 1852 work on polarization parameters and extended by Hans Mueller in 1948, this formalism uses the four-component Stokes vector and the 4×4 Mueller matrix to track how optical systems transform polarization states.