قارن الطرق

	مؤشر الاستجابة الشخصية	مقياس العنصرية الحديثة
المجال	علم النفس الاجتماعي	علم النفس الاجتماعي
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	1980	1986
صاحب الطريقة	Mark H. Davis	John B. McConahay
النوع	Self-report Likert scale	Self-report Likert scale
المصدر التأسيسي	Davis, M. H. (1980). A multidimensional approach to individual differences in empathy. JSAS Catalog of Selected Documents in Psychology, 10, 85.	McConahay, J. B. (1986). Modern racism, ambivalence, and the Modern Racism Scale. In J. F. Dovidio & S. L. Gaertner (Eds.), Prejudice, discrimination, and racism (pp. 91–125). Academic Press.
الأسماء البديلة	IRI	MRS
ذات صلة	4	4
الملخص	The Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) is a 28-item self-report measure developed by Mark H. Davis in 1980 to assess individual differences in empathy as a multidimensional construct. Rather than treating empathy as a single trait, the IRI measures four distinct empathic dimensions: perspective-taking, fantasy, empathic concern, and personal distress. It has become the most widely used multidimensional empathy measure in psychological and social science research.	The Modern Racism Scale (MRS) is a 7-item self-report measure developed by John B. McConahay in 1986 to assess subtle, contemporary forms of racial prejudice. Rather than measuring overt hostility, the MRS captures attitudes reflecting the belief that discrimination no longer exists and that racial minorities make illegitimate demands. The scale addresses limitations of earlier instruments by focusing on modern manifestations of racial bias.